Plural (but always as singular) of an unused noun (paneh {paw-neh'}; from panah); the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (before, etc.) -- + accept, a-(be-)fore(-time), against, anger, X as (long as), at, + battle, + because (of), + beseech, countenance, edge, + employ, endure, + enquire, face, favour, fear of, for, forefront(-part), form(-er time, -ward), from, front, heaviness, X him(-self), + honourable, + impudent, + in, it, look(-eth) (- s), X me, + meet, X more than, mouth, of, off, (of) old (time), X on, open, + out of, over against, the partial, person, + please, presence, propect, was purposed, by reason of, + regard, right forth, + serve, X shewbread, sight, state, straight, + street, X thee, X them(-selves), through (+ - out), till, time(-s) past, (un-)to(-ward), + upon, upside (+ down), with(- in, + -stand), X ye, X you.
see HEBREW panah
H6440. panim
or paneh [מָּנֶה], plural מָּנִים2123
noun masculineProverbs 25:23 and (Ezekiel = 21:21 = edge; on 2 Samuel 10:9 see below) feminine face, also faces (as turned toward one); — plural absolute מָּנִים Genesis 32:31 +; construct מְּנֵי 2 Samuel 14:32 +; suffix 1 singular מָּנַי Genesis 43:3 +; 3 masculine singular מָּנָיו 4:5 +, מָּנֵי֑מוֺ Psalm 11:7 (Köll.1.446); 2 masculine pluralמְּנֵיכֶם Genesis 40:7 +, etc.; — usually with verb plural, 4:5-6, Exodus 33:14 +; with verb singular Lamentations 4:16 (through influence of intervening ׳י, Ges§ 146a), Proverbs 15:14 (but read מִּי, as Qr, see מֶּה); —
I. 1. face, faces (Jeremiah 30:6; Ezekiel 27:35 +, compare 1:6; 10:14, 21 etc.):
a. literally, of man Genesis 43:31; 2 Samuel 19:5; 1 Kings 19:13; Leviticus 13:14; Daniel 8:18; 10:9, 15 +; פ ׳עוֺר Exodus 35:29-30, 35; pale (from alarm) Isaiah 29:22; Jeremiah 30:6, flushed Isaiah 13:8; Ezekiel 21:3, compare Nahum 2:11; Joel 2:6; tearful Isaiah 25:8; Job 16:16; sad, ׳פ רעים Genesis 40:7, compare Nehemiah 2:2-3, also פ ׳רֹעַ Ecclesiastes 7:8 i.e. sadness; פ ׳יֵּיטִב Proverbs 15:13 maketh glad the face; פָנֶיךָ נָָֽפְלוּ, Genesis 4:5-6, why is the face fallen (in displeasure), compare 1 Samuel 1:18 (reading לוּ נָָֽפְ נָָֽפְלָה,, or הִמִּילָה); covered with shame Ezekiel 7:18, whence figurative of confusion, discomfiture Jeremiah 51:51; Psalm 69:8; 83:17, etc.
b. of ׳י Exodus 33:20, compare 33:23.
c. אֶלמָּֿנִים מָּנִים face to face, of seeing (God) Genesis 32:31, compare Judges 6:22, knowing Deuteronomy 34:10, judging Ezekiel 20:35, speaking Exodus 33:11, and so ׳פ ׳בְּפ Deuteronomy 5:4; פָנִים נִתְרֶאֶה 2 Kings 14:8 see each other (in the) face = meet each other in battle, compare 14:11 2 Chronicles 25:17, 21.
d. of relations with פ ׳הֵרִים ׳׃י Ezra 9:6, in worship (see also נשׂא); in spiritual sense Jeremiah 2:27; 32:33 (פָנִים וְלֹא עֹרֶף אֵלַי מָּנָה); פ ׳נָתַן י ׳לִדְרוֺשׁ2 Chronicles 20:3; אֶלאֲֿדֹנָי אֶתפֿ ׳נָתַן Daniel 9:3; פָנִים קְשֵׁי הַבָּנִים Ezekiel 2:4.
e. of ׳י himself, מִכֶּם מָּנִיםִ יָסִיר לֹא2 Chronicles 30:9; רָ֑ע י ׳מְּנֵי בְּעֹשֵׂי Psalm 34:17; מָּנֶיךָ גַּעֲרַת 80:17. — See further below
7. 2. a. = presence, person, of ׳י Exodus 33:14-15, בְּפָנָיו Deuteronomy 4:37, מָּנָיו מַלְאַךְ Isaiah 63:9; הַמָּנִים לֶחֶם, see לֶחֶם; of ׳יs angry presence Lamentations 4:16; Psalm 21:10; of Absalom 2 Samuel 17:11; in weakened sense, nearly = suffix (compare נפשׁ 4a), Proverbs 7:15.
b. with ראה technically, see one's face, i.e. appear before one, in one's presence: before a man Genesis 32:21 (+ 3 other uses of ׳פ), (God, with יראה pointed as
Niph`al, see II 2); especially as privilege, = have access to, man of rank Genesis 43:3, 5; 44:23, 26, king Exodus 10:28 (twice in verse) compare 10:29 (all J), 2 Samuel 14:24 (twice in verse); 14:28, 32; compare 3:13 (twice in verse); הַמֶּלֶךְ פְנֵי רֹאֵי 2 Kings 25:19 = Jeremiah 52:25; Esther 1:14; implying favour of person seen, man Genesis 33:10 (J), God 33:10, compare Job 33:26 (Hiph`il), and, with חזה, Psalm 11:7; 17:15.
3 face of seraphim Isaiah 6:2, cherubim Exodus 25:20 (twice in verse) = 37:9 (twice in verse), Ezekiel 1:8, 11; 2 Chronicles 3:13 +.
4 face of animals, הַצּאֹן מְּנֵי Genesis 30:40; ופ ׳שׁוֺר נֶשֶׁר ׳פ וּפ ׳אַרְיֵה Ezekiel 1:10 (in descr. of cherubim), compare 10:14; ׳פ אַרְיֵה also 1 Chronicles 12:8 (figurative), כְֿפִיר׳פ Ezekiel 41:19; פ ׳מִּתְחֵי Job 41:6 of crocodile.
5 face (= surface) of ground (הָאֲדָמָה) Genesis 2:6; 4:14; 7:4; Psalm 104:30 +, so ׳פ הָאָרֶץ Genesis 1:29; 7:3; 8:9; 11:4, 8, 9; 19:28; Isaiah 24:1, ׳פ תֵבֵל 14:21; 27:6; of a field Proverbs 24:31; ׳פ תְהוֺם Genesis 1:2 (twice in verse); Job 38:30, ׳פ הַמַּיִם Genesis 7:18; הַשָּׁמַיִם׳פ רְקִיעַ 1:20; כִֿסֵּה׳פ Job 26:9 i.e. of God's throne (but Bu reads כֶּסֶה fullmoon); ׳פ הַלּוֺט Job 25:7 see [ לוּט; ׳פ לְבוּשׁוֺ 41:5 the expanse of his [the crocodile's] coat; front (especially Ezek.), of house Ezekiel 41:14; 47:1, ׳פ הַקֹּדֶשׁ 41:21; of gate 40:6, 20, 22; 42:15; 43:4; of chamber 40:44 (twice in verse); 40:45-46, of pot (סִיר) Jeremiah 1:13; ׳פ הַמִּלְחָמָה 2 Samuel 10:9 battle-front = 1 Chronicles 19:10 (verb agrees with ׳הַמּ in Gender, Ges§ 146a); = van of locust-army Joel 2:20 (opposed to סֹפוֺ); front, i.e. edge, of sword Ezekiel 21:21, of axe Ecclesiastes 10:10; = condition, state of a thing, as denoted by its appearance; of flock Proverbs 27:23; ׳פ הַדָּבָר 2 Samuel 14:20 the appearance (situation, attitude) of the affair.
6 as
adverb of location וּמֵאָחוֺר מִמָּנִים 2 Samuel 10:9 before and behind = ׳פ ׳וְֿ 1 Chronicles 19:10, also Ezekiel 2:10; 2 Chronicles 13:14; מְּנֵי toward Cant 7:5, also in front (to the East?) of20:16 (see לִפְנֵי
d below); לְפָנִים forward Jeremiah 7:24 (opposed to לְאחוֺר); מִלִּפְנִים 1 Kings 6:29 see מְּנִימָה;
adverb temporal לְפָנִים formerly Deuteronomy 2:12, 20; Joshua 11:10; Judges 1:10-11, 13 12t.; מִלְּפָנִים Isaiah 41:26 from beforetime ("" מֵראֹשׁ).
7 for other phrases see: אוֺר
verb Hiph`il 5; אוֺר n. 10; בּוֺשׁ
Hiph`il; בקשׁ Pi`el 3; בּשֶׁת
1; [הַכָּרָה]; הָדַר
2; זָעַם
Niph`al; זָעַף
1; הָבַשׁ 1a; I. חָרָה I חָוַר; חָזַק Pi`el 5; II. חלה; IV. חמר; חָפָה; טָחַן; יָעַד
Hoph`al; יְשׁוּעָה
3; כּוּן Hiph`il 3; כִּמֶּר
1; כָּסָה Pi`el 1, 2; מָאוֺר; מְגַמָּה p. 169; I. מוּל; מַשּׂא; [נָבַט] Hiph`il 3; נֶגֶד 1, 2 c; נֹכַח; נָכַר
Hiph`il; נָפַל 3b, and Hiph`il 5; נָשָׂא 1b (3); נָתַן 2b; סָבַב Hiph`il 1 a; סָתַר Hiph`il 2; I. עֵבֶר
2; עָזַז עַז,
Hiph`il; עָמַד Hiph`il 6 a; II. עֻמָּה; [צָרַב]; [קָדַם]
Pi`el; שִׂים; שׁוּב
Hiph`il; שִׁית; II.שָׁנָה
Pi`el; תֹּפֶת.
II. מְּנֵי with prepositions: —
1 אֶלמְּֿנֵי:
a. to the presence of, Exodus 23:17 pregnantly הָאָדוֺן אֶלמְּֿנֵי ֗֗֗ יֵרָאֶה shall appear (coming) to the presence of (= before) ׳י ("" 34:23 הָא ׳אֶתמְּֿנֵי); with יָצָא = to confront2 Chronicles 19:2.
b. to the front of, after a verb of motion, Leviticus 6:7 אֶלמְּֿנֵ ֗֗֗ אֹתָהּ ׳הַקְרֵב הַמִּזְבֵּחַ, 9:5; 16:2; Numbers 17:8; 20:10.
c. towards or on the front of (אֶל = עַל), Ezekiel 41:4, 12, 15, 25; 42:2-3, 7, 10, 13; 45:7; 48:21.
d. on to the surface of, Leviticus 14:53 הַשָּׂדֶה אֶלמְּֿנֵי ֗֗֗ וְשִׁלַּח, Ezekiel 16:5.
2 אֶתמְּֿנֵי close by (II. אֵת) the face or front of: hence
a. the presence of, 1 Samuel 2:11 ׳אֶתפֿ עֵלִי 1 Kings 12:6 who stood ׳אֶתפֿ שְׁלֹמֹה (compare לִפְנֵי 10:8), Esther 1:10; Proverbs 17:24; pregnantly (nisi וַיַּנִּחֵם leg., ᵑ7 ᵑ6 We Dr and others) 1 Samuel 22:4. Specifically י ׳אֶתמְּֿנֵי Genesis 19:13 (1 Samuel 2:17), 2:27; 2:18; and with נִרְאָה of the appearance of all males at the three annual חַגִּים, Exodus 34:23 אֶתפֿ כָּלזְֿכוּרְךָ ׳יֵרָאֶה הָאָדֹן, 34:24; Deuteronomy 16:16 (compare Dr), 31:11; 1 Samuel 1:22 ("" ׳אלפֿ ׳י Exodus 23:17); so מָּנַי alone 23:15 = 34:20 (רֵיקָם פָנַי יֵרָאוּ לֹא), Isaiah 1:22, פָנֶיךָ Psalm 42:3 (according to many, GesThes DiExodus 23:15 CheIsaiah 1:12, critical note, the verb in all these passages was originally
Qal, afterwards pointed as
Niph`al to avoid the expression see the face of ׳י); אֶתמָּֿנֶיךָ in thy presence Psalm 16:10; 21:7; Psalm 140:14.
b. in front of, Genesis 33:18. אֶתפֿ ׳וַיִּחַן הָעִיר, Leviticus 4:6 י ׳לִפְנֵי ׳אֶתפֿ הַקֹּדֶשׁ פָרֹכֶת 4:17. — מְּנֵי מֵאֵת from before, see II. אֵת 4a. 3. בִּפְנֵי: (a) in the face of, mostly in particular phrases, with hostile import: thus, with יָרַק to spit Numbers 12:14; Deuteronomy 25:9; התיצב to make a stand 7:24; 11:25, and עמד Joshua 10:8, בְּפָנֶיךָ אִישׁ יַעֲמֹד לֹא 21:42; 23:9; עָנָה to answer (give evidence) against, Hosea 5:5 בפניו ישׂראל גאון וענה, 7:10; Job 16:8; בִּפְנֵיהֶם וְנָקֹטוּ = feel loathing against their own selves, Ezekiel 6:9, so 20:43; 36:31. (b) in front of, 42:12.
4 לִפְנֵי, properly at the face or front of, the most General word for in the presence of, before: as Genesis 18:22 אַבְרָהָם לִפְנֵי עֹמֵד, Exodus 4:21; 11:10; 2 Samuel 2:14; Proverbs 17:18 + often; after a verb of motion, Genesis 47:2 פ ׳לפני וַיַּצִּיגֵם and set them before Pharaoh, 27:20 לפני י הִקְרָה ׳כִּי literally made (it) to meet before me (compare 24:12), Exodus 29:10; Proverbs 18:16 etc. In particular,
a. With the implication of (a) under the eye or oversight of, Deuteronomy 25:2; 1 Samuel 3:1. (b) under the eye and regard of, Genesis 17:18 לְפָנֶיךָ יִחְיֶה יִשְׁמָעֵאל לוּ, Hosea 6:2; Isaiah 53:2; Psalm 61:8; compare Jeremiah 30:20; 31:36; Isaiah 66:22; Psalm 102:29: also 1 Samuel 2:28; 2 Samuel 19:14. (c) figurative for in (or into) the full (mental) view of, Genesis 6:13 לְפָנַי בָּא כָּלבָּֿשָׂר קֵץ is come in before me, Lamentations 1:22 לְפָנֶיךָ כָלרָֿעָתָם תָּבאֹ, Jonah 1:2 לְפָנַי עָֽלְתָה (compare אֶל Genesis 18:21; Exodus 2:23), Isaiah 65:6 לְפָנָ֑י כְּתוּבָה, Jeremiah 2:22 לְפָנָי נִכְתָּךְ (compare נֶגְדִּי Isaiah 47:12). (d) openly before, 1 Samuel 12:2 לִפְנֵי הִתְהַלֵךְ, and with collateral idea of deserving (and receiving) regard 2:35, especially י ׳לפני Genesis 17:1 and elsewhere. (e) in presence of the moon or sun, Psalm 72:5; 72:17, i.e. as long as they endure. (f) free before, at the disposal of,Genesis 13:9 לְפָנֶיךָ כָלהָֿאָרֶץ הֲלֹא (compare 20:15; 34:10; 47:6; Jeremiah 40:4; 2 Chronicles 14:6), 2 Chron 24:51; Song of Solomon 8:12. (g) in the sight (estimation) of, Genesis 7:1 thee have I seen to be just before me, 10:9 a mighty hunter before ׳י, Deuteronomy 24:4 ל ׳תּוֺעֵבָה ׳י, 24:13 ל ׳צְדָקָה ׳י, 1 Samuel 20:1 b, ׳ל ׳י אָרוּר Joshua 6:26; 1 Samuel 26:19, ל ׳לְרָצוֺן ׳י acceptable before ׳י, Leviticus 1:3 +, Psalm 19:15; 2 Kings 5:1 a great man אֲדֹנָיו לִפְנֵי, Proverbs 14:12; Psalm 143:2; ל ׳וַיִּיטַב (late synonym of earlier בְּעֵנֵי) Nehemiah 2:5-6, Esther 5:14; ל ׳טוֺב Ecclesiastes 2:26; 7:26; compare also לִפְנֵי לְרַחֲמִים נָתַן, see רַחֲמִים. (h) י ׳לִפְנֵי, specifically of acts done with a solemn sense of ׳י's presence, often, but not always, at a sanctuary: Genesis 27:7 that I may eat and bless thee before ׳י, before I die, Exodus 18:12 to eat bread before God, Deuteronomy 1:45 ye wept before ׳י, 6:25; 12:7 (to eat, so 12:18; 14:23, 26; 15:20), 15:12 (rejoice, so 15:18; 27:7; Isaiah 9:2), Joshua 18:6; 24:1; Judges 11:11; 20:23, 26; 21:2; 1 Samuel 7:6; 10:19; 11:15; 12:7; 15:33; 23:18; 2 Samuel 5:3; 7:18; 21:9; and constantly in P, as Exodus 16:9, 33, 34; Leviticus 1:5, 11; 3:1, 7 etc.; of residents in Jerusalem Isaiah 23:18. So in ל ׳הָלַךְ ׳י 1 Kings 2:4 and elsewhere.
b. In other phrases: — (a) לִפְנֵי עָמַד to stand before, i.e. wait upon, be in attendance on, Deuteronomy 1:38 and elsewhere (see עָמַד
1e). Simil. לִפְנֵי הָיָה 1 Samuel 19:7 (compare 29:8), 2 Kings 5:2; ל ׳עָבַד 2 Samuel 16:19. (b) לִפְנֵי הִשְׁתַּחֲוָה to bow down before Genesis 23:12; Deuteronomy 26:10; 2 Kings 18:22 and elsewhere (see below שָׁחָה; also נָפַל 3b): so with הִתְמַּלֵּל to pray 1 Samuel 1:12 +; compare פָני הלך 1 Kings 12:30; 1 Chronicles 21:30. (c) to be smitten (נִגַּף) before a foe; see נָגַף Niph`al [contrast מִמְּנֵי נוּס: below 6a]. So with נָפַל 1 Samuel 14:13; נָתַן (in helplessness or flight), especially in Deuteronomy, as Deuteronomy 1:8, 21; 7:2 (twice in verse); 7:23; Joshua 10:12; 11:6 + (DrDT lxxxii): compare Judges 4:15; 2 Samuel 5:20; Isaiah 45:1; Jeremiah 1:17. (d) לִפְנֵי עָמַד to stand (make a stand) before (not quite so strong as ׳ע בִּפְנֵי, above
3), Exodus 9:11; Judges 2:14; 2 Kings 10:4; Jeremiah 49:19; Psalm 76:8; 147:17; Nahum 1:6; so with הִתְיַצֵּב Deuteronomy 9:2; Joshua 1:5; Job 41:2, קוּם Joshua 7:12-13,. (e) in hostile sense (rare), לִפְנֵי יָצָא go forth to face 1 Chronicles 14:8; 2 Chronicles 14:9. (f) לִפְנֵי (נָתַן) שִׂים, of food, to set or place before, Genesis 18:8; 24:33 +. (g) לִפְנֵי נָתַן to set before, i.e. propound for acceptance or choice, usually of laws (especially Deuteronomy, Jeremiah), Deuteronomy 4:8; 11:26, 32; 30:1, 15, 19; 1 Kings 9:6 (D2), Jeremiah 9:12; 21:8; 26:4; 44:10; Daniel 9:10, compare Ezekiel 23:24 (place at disposal of): so with שִׂים Exodus 19:7; 21:1.
c. With reference to position: (a) in front of, before, especially with verbs of motion (with which נֶגֶד is hardly used), Genesis 32:21 לְפָנָ֔י הַהֹלֶכֶת בַּמִּנְחָה that goeth before me, 33:14 the cattle לְפָנַי אֲשֶׁר, Exodus 17:5; 23:20 etc.; in the description of a march or procession, 13:21-22, Numbers 10:33; Isaiah 52:12; 58:8 +; 2 Samuel 3:31 and wail before Abner (before his bier); of flocks before a shepherd Genesis 32:18; of captives or booty driven before a conqueror 1 Samuel 30:20 (read לְפָנָיו וַיִּנְהֲגוּ We Dr), Isaiah 8:4; 40:10 = 62:11 לְפָנָיו וּפְעֻלָּתוֺ his recompence (i.e. his newly-recovered people, regarded as his prize of war) before him, Amos 9:4; Lamentations 1:5-6, (b) of a leader, etc. = at the head of, Deuteronomy 10:11; Judges 9:39; 1 Samuel 8:20; Micah 1:13 and elsewhere; compare לפני ויצא בא (העם) Numbers 27:17; 1 Samuel 18:13, 16; 2 Chronicles 1:10; Ecclesiastes 4:16 before whom (at whose head) he was. (c) denoting superiority, before, above, Genesis 48:20 מנשׁה לפני אתאֿפרים וַיָּשֶׂם, Job 34:19.
d. Of places (not very common): Exodus 14:2 before Pi-hahiroth . . ., before Baal-zephon, Numbers 33:7b, Genesis 23:17 ל ׳אשׁר מַמְרֵא (usually מ פני ׳על: see
7a d), 1 Chronicles 19:7; Nehemiah 8:1, 3; before the temple, veil, altar, etc., Exodus 16:34 + ׳ל הָעֵדֻת, 30:6 + ׳ל הַמָּרֹכֶת, 40:5-6, Numbers 3:38; 7:10 and elsewhere (all P), 1 Kings 6:21; 7:49 +.
e. Of time, before: Amos 1:1: רעַשׁ הָָֽ לפני before the earthquake, Genesis 29:26; 30:30 לְפָנַי before me (i.e. before I came to thee), Exodus 10:14 כן היה לא לפניו before it there was not the like, Numbers 13:22; 1 Kings 16:25, 30 לְפָנָיו אֲשֶׁר מִכֹּל, Isaiah 43:10; 48:7; Proverbs 8:25; Job 15:7 etc. Sq. infinitive, Genesis 13:10 י שַׁחֵת ׳לִפְנֵי before ׳יs destroying, etc., 27:7 מוֺתִי לִפְנֵי, 36:31; 1 Samuel 9:15 +. Once, in late Hebrew, מִזֶּה לִפְנֵי before this Nehemiah 13:4.
f. In the manner of, like (rare and dubious), 1 Samuel 1:16 בַתבִּֿלִיַּעַל לִפְנֵי אֶתאֲֿמָֽתְךָ אַלתִּֿתֵּן like a worthless woman, Job 3:24 like my food, 4:19 they are crushed like the moth (compare Lat pro).
5 מִלִּפְנֵי73 from before: —
a. from the presence of (properly, from a position before a person or object: to be distinguished from מִמְּנֵי; see
6): (a) Genesis 41:46 פ מִלִּפְנֵי יוסף ׳ויצא from before Pharaoh, 47:10; 2 Kings 5:27; 6:32 +; ׳מל ׳י Genesis 4:6 Cain went forth from before ׳י, Jonah 1:3, 10; specifically of the sanctuary, Leviticus 9:24 י מלפני אשׁ ׳ותצא (so 10:2), קֶצֶף Numbers 17:11 (compare 2 Chronicles 19:2), with לָקַח etc. Leviticus 16:12; Numbers 17:24; Numbers 20:9, 1 Samuel 21:7 the shew-bread that was removed from before ׳י; from before a place 1 Kings 8:54; Ezra 10:6; 2 Chronicles 1:13, (b) of taking, etc., from before a person, Genesis 23:4 to bury my dead from before me, 23:8; Exodus 36:3; Deuteronomy 17:18 הכהנים מל הזאת התורה מִשְׁנֵה לו ׳וכתב from (the copy) before the priests, 28:31 מלפניך גָּזוּכ. (c) with בקשׁ Esther 4:8 [compare מִןקֳדָם Daniel 2:18]; and to express the idea of proceeding from a person, Esther 1:19 [compare Daniel 2:15], Ecclesiastes 10:5; 1 Chronicles 29:12 מלפניך והכבוד הָעשֶׁר (compare Acts 3:19); Psalm 17:2 מלפניך. משׁפטי יֵצֵא. (d) of cutting off, etc., from before ׳י (compare לִפְנֵי
a b, c), Leviticus 22:3; 1 Kings 8:25 מִלְּפָנִי אִישׁ, לְךָ לֹאיִֿכָּרֵת Jeremiah 31:36; 33:18; Isaiah 48:19: Psalm 51:13 מִלְּפָנְיךָ אַלתַּֿשְׁלִיכֵנִי (compare 8a); Jeremiah 16:17 מִלְּפָנַי נִסְתְּרוּ לֹא, 18:23; Nehemiah 3:37. (e) of expelling from before an invader, Exodus 23:28; Deuteronomy 9:4; 11:23; 31:3 + (but much less common than מִמְּנֵי).
b. (Chiefly late) to express the source or cause, with the force of the לְ weakened, in cases where the earlier language would have used מִמְּנֵי: with verbs of fearing, 1 Samuel 18:12; Ecclesiastes 3:14; 8:12-13, 1 Chronicles 16:30 מִלְּפָנָיו חִילִי ["" Psalm 96:9 מפניו], 114:7 (twice in verse); Esther 7:6; 2 Chronicles 32:7 ( + מפני); failing, etc., Isaiah 57:16; Psalm 97:5; being humbled, 1 Kings 21:29 ( + מפני), 2 Chronicles 32:12, 23; 34:27 ["" 2 Kings 22:19 מפני], 2Ki 36:12; crying for help 1 Samuel 8:18 [compare מפני Exodus 3:7], singing 1 Chronicles 16:33 ["" Psalm 96:13 לפני], fleeing 1 Chronicles 19:18 ["" 2 Samuel 10:18 מִמְּנֵי].
c. of time, once, = לִפְנֵי Ecclesiastes 1:10. — With the later usages of ׳מל, compare קֳדָם מִן in Biblical Aramaic and ᵑ7 (Dr Smlxx-lxxi, lxxiii); see also Köii. 320.
6 מִמְּנֵי from the face or presence of, from before, Exodus 14:19 מִמְּנֵיהֶם הענן עמוד וַיִּסַּע removecl from before them, Isaiah 30:11; Hosea 11:2; so
a. (often with suggestion of causation (see מִן
2d, e, f), because of, for fear of [so AV RV Judges 9:21; 1 Samuel 21:11; 23:26; Jeremiah 35:11 (twice in verse); 37:11; 41:9; 50:16]) after verbs of hiding Genesis 3:8; 4:14; Isaiah 2:10 (compare 2:19; 2:21); and especially of escaping, Judges 9:21 (Thes 'bene ᵑ9 ob metum A.'), 1 Samuel 18:11; 19:10; 23:26, or fleeing, Exodus 4:3; 14:25; 1 Samuel 17:24 + often (see בָּרַךְ and נוּס), and expelling, destroying, etc. Exodus 23:30 מִמָּנֶיךָ אֲגָָֽרְשֶׁנּוּ I will expel them from before thee, 34:11, 24 מִמָּנֶיךָ גּוֺיִם אוֺרִישׁ (see הוֺרִישׁ), Leviticus 18:24; Deuteronomy 8:20; Amos 2:9; Psalm 89:24 + often (as though clearing the way for Israel, for Israel's sake: compare Isaiah 63:12 מִמְּנֵיהֶם מַיִס בּוֺקֵעַ, Joshua 2:10; 4:23). Pregn. Isaiah 17:9 ישׂר בני מפני עזבו אשׁר ֗֗֗ ׳כַּעֲזוּבַת which they forsook (fleeing) from before, etc.
b. implying causation more distinctly. Psalm 9:4 מפניך יאבדו perish from before thee or at the presence, Deuteronomy 7:20: very often with verbs of fearing, as קוץ פחד, ערץ, ירא, חיל, יגר, גור, Exodus 9:30; Numbers 22:3 (twice in verse); Deuteronomy 1:17; Jeremiah 5:22 etc. (mostly when the object inspiring fear is a person: when it is a thing, מִן alone is preferred; but see Deuteronomy 5:5; 9:19); of being alarmed or dismayed Genesis 45:3; Joshua 2:9; Jeremiah 1:17; Job 23:15, etc.; of humbling oneself Exodus 10:3; Judges 11:33 +; with other words, to indicate the external ground of an action or effect, as מִמָּנָיו הַס be silent at (i.e. because of) his presence Zephaniah 1:7; Habakkuk 2:20; Judges 5:5 the mountains flowed י ׳מפני at the presence of ׳י, Isaiah 63:19; Jeremiah 4:26; Nahum 1:5; Psalm 68:3 as wax melteth אשׁ מפני; Deuteronomy 20:19; Isaiah 19:1; 26:17 מפניך היינו כן so were we through thy presence (more than לפניך, — implying that their state was due to ׳י); מפני קום to rise up at the presence of Genesis 31:35; Leviticus 19:32. (N.B. In
a, b, frequently rendered before in AV RV, and so confused with לפני; but the מִן retains always its full force in the Hebrew)
c. of the cause, whether nearer or more remote: (a) Genesis 6:13 מִמְּנֵיהֶם חָמָס הָאָרֶץ מָֽלְאָה because of them (i.e. occasioned by them), 27:4 I loathe my life because of the daughters of Heth, 36:7 the land could not support them because of their cattle, 41:31; 47:13; Exodus 3:7 their cry by reason of their taskmasters, 8:20 הֶעָרֹב מִמְּנֵי הָאָרֶץ תִּשָּׁחֵת, 9:11; Joshua 2:11; 23:3; Judges 2:18; 6:6; 1 Kings 5:17; 8:11 + often; Isaiah 10:27 (RVm), Jeremiah 15:17; Psalm 38:4; 38:6, etc.; Jeremiah 4:4 + מַעַלְלֵיכֶם רֹעַ מִמְּנֵי by reason of the evil of your doings, 7:12; 9:6; 13:17; 14:16; 23:9 + often (b) stating the reason for which a thing is not done (Latin prae,), 1 Kings 8:11; Job 37:19. (c) with אֲשֶׁר as a
conjunction, twice, because that, Exodus 19:18; Jeremiah 44:23. — Numbers 33:8 see הַחִירֹת מִּי.
7 עַלמְּֿנֵי (compare Phoenician מְּנֵ עלת מְּנֵ, עַל, Lzb352) has different meanings according to the different senses of the noun and the preposition: —
a. From the sense of face or front: (a) in front of (more definite and distinct than לפני): Psalm 18:43 as dust before the wind (compare לפני 35:5; 83:14 +), Genesis 32:22 the present passed on עלפֿניו in front of him, Exodus 33:19 עלפֿניך כלטֿוּבי אעביר,2 Samuel 15:18, 23 (read עלפֿניו: see Dr), Job 4:15; = in the sight of, Leviticus 10:3 אֶכָּבֵד העם כל ועלפֿני, Jeremiah 6:7 וּמַכָּה חֳלִי תָּמִיד עַלמָּֿנַי, 13:26 (compare Nahum 3:5), Psalm 9:20 עלפֿניך גוים יִשָּֽׁפְטוּ before thee: defiantly, Job 1:11 יְבָֽרְכֶךָּ פניך עלֿ אםלֿא will renounce thee to thy face, 6:28 אֲכַוֵּב אם ועלפֿניכם, 21:31; to die in the presence of any one ( = in his lifetime) Genesis 11:28; Numbers 3:4. (b) before, to the exclusion of another, i.e. in preference to, Deuteronomy 21:16, and perhaps(Ew§ 217 l) Exodus 20:3 (Deuteronomy 5:7) עלפֿני אחרים אלהים לך יהיה לא (Thes and others as c). (c) in addition to, Job 16:14 יִפְרְצֵנִי מֶּרֶץעַלמְּֿנֵיפֶֿרֶץ. (d) of localities, in front of, mostly (but not always: see GFMJu., p. 351) = east of, 1 Kings 6:3 the porch in front of, etc., 6:3; 7:6; 8:8; 2 Chronicles 3:17; Ezekiel 42:8; Genesis 16:12 ישׁכן כלאֿחיו עלפֿני (compare 25:18 b), perhaps (Di and others) with collateral idea of defiance; ׳עַלפֿ מַמְרֵא 23:19 (50:13), Exodus 16:14; often in ֗֗֗ עלפֿני אשׁר Genesis 25:9 (49:30), מצרים 49:18 a (Joshua 13:3; 1 Samuel 15:7), Numbers 21:11; 33:7 a, ירחו Deuteronomy 32:49 (34:1), Joshua 13:3, 25; 15:8 (18:16), 17:7; 18:14; 19:11; Judges 16:3; 1 Samuel 24:3 (probably), 26:1, 3; 2 Samuel 2:24; 1 Kings 11:7 (the Mt. of Olives, east of Jews.; so 2 Kings 23:13; Zechariah 14:4), Zech 17:3; Zech 17:5. — Genesis 1:20 let fowl fly השׁמים רקיע עלפֿני in front of the firmament of heaven, namely as looked up to from below, i.e. between the firmament and the earth. (ε) with verbs implying direction, over towardas, 18:16 סדם עלפֿני וישׁקף, 19:28; Numbers 21:20 (23:28) הישׁימן עלפֿני נשׁקפה overlooking; to sprinkle against the front of Leviticus 16:14; in a hostile sense (rare), Nahum 2:2 עַלמָּֿנַיִךְ מֵפִיץ עָלָה, Psalm 21:13; Ezekiel 32:10.
b. From the sense of surface, Genesis 1:2 תהום עלפֿני upon the face of the deep, Exodus 16:14 עלפֿ ׳המדבר: often in the phrases הארץ (כל) עלפֿני Genesis 1:29; 7:3 +, and (more frequently) האדמה עלפֿני on the face of the ground 6:1; 7:23 etc.; השׂדה פני על Leviticus 17:5; Numbers 19:16; 1 Samuel 14:25 +; after verbs of motion, 11:4 lest we be scattered over the face of all the earth, 11:8; 11:9; Exodus 32:20; Leviticus 14:7 (14:53 אל), Isaiah 18:2; 19:8; Amos 5:8; Ezekiel 32:4; Job 5:10 +.
8 מֵעַלמְּֿנֵי
a. from before the face of, Genesis 23:3 Abraham rose up מֵתוֺ מְּנֵי מֵעַל from before his dead, i.e. from mourning before or beside it; Psalms (פניו) פני מֵעַל from before my (his) face, often in Kings & Jeremiah of the rejection of Israel or the temple, as with שִׁלַּת 1 Kings 9:7 ("" 2 Chronicles 7:20 השׁליך), Jeremiah 15:1, השׁליד 2 Kings 13:23; 24:20 (Jeremiah 52:3), 7:15, נטשׁ 23:39, הסיר 2 Kings 17:18, 23; 23:27; 24:3; Jeremiah 32:31.
b. from of the surface of, often in the phrase הָאֲדָמָה מְּנֵי מֵעַל, with verbs of cutting off, removing, expelling, etc., Psalms; Genesis 4:14; 6:7; 7:4; 8:8; Exodus 32:12; Deuteronomy 6:15; 1 Samuel 20:15; 1 Kings 9:7; 13:34; Amos 9:8; Jeremiah 28:16; Zephaniah 1:2-3,.