STRONGS NUMBER H7676


Word Summary
shabbath: sabbath
Original Word: שַׁבָּת
Transliteration: shabbath
Phonetic Spelling: (shab-bawth')
Part of Speech: Noun
Short Definition: sabbath
Meaning: intermission, the Sabbath
Strong's Concordance
every Sabbath

Intensive from shabath; intermission, i.e (specifically) the Sabbath -- (+ every) sabbath.

see HEBREW shabath

Brown-Driver-Briggs

H7676. shabbath

שַׁבָּת111 noun feminineEx 31:41+ and masculineIsaiah 66:2, 6 (under influence of יוֺם‎ in frequent הַשּׁ ׳יוֺם‎, AlbrZAW xvi (1896), 47) sabbath ( = ת‎ + שׁבת‎; Late Hebrew שַׁבָּת‎, Aramaic שַׁבְּתָא‎, ; perhaps Assyrian šabattum (""um nu— libbi, day of rest of heart (i.e. propitiation) [of deity]: only in lexical Tablets); compare LotzQuaest. de hist. Sabbati, 1883 JenZA iv (1889), 274 ff. (doubts connection of Assyrian word with Hebrew Sabbath) IdS. S. Times, Jan. 16, 1892, 35 f. Muss-ArnJBL xi (1892), 93 SchwIdioticon 127; see (more recently) JastrAmos. J. Theol. ii (1898), 332 ff. ToyTBL xviii (1899), 190 ff. DrHast. DB SABBATH (1902) ZimKAT 3. 592 ff.; ZMG 1904, 199 ff. [15th day of month so called]458ff.); — absolute ׳שׁExodus 16:25 64t.; construct שַׁבַּת16:23 10t.; suffix שַׁבַּתּוֺNumbers 28:10 3t. suffix; plural שַׁבָּתוֺתLeviticus 23:15 7t.; construct שַׁבְּתתֹ23:38; 25:3, 8; suffix שַׁבְּתוֺתַיIsaiah 56:4 +, etc.; —

1 sabbath:

a. primitive ׳שׁ ליהוהExodus 16:25 (J), 20:10 = Deuteronomy 5:14 (ten words) Leviticus 23:3 (P); ׳הַשּׁExodus 16:29 (J); שׁ ׳הַשְּׁבִיעִי בַּיוֺם16:26 (J); on seventh day הַשַּׁבָּת יוֺם20:8, 11 = Deuteronomy 5:12, 15 (ten words), so throughout; Exodus 31:15 3t. P, Jeremiah 17:21; Ezekiel 46:4; Nehemiah 10:32 9t., + ("" new moon) Isaiah 1:13; Ezekiel 46:1; 2 Kings 4:23; Amos 8:5, compare Isaiah 66:23 (twice in verse), also חג‎ and מועדHosea 2:13; time of change of watch in temple 2 Kings 11:5, 7, 9 (twice in verse) = 2 Chronicles 23:4, 8 (twice in verse); ׳הַשּׁ מיסך‎ (in temple) 2 Kings 16:18; originally observed simply by abstinence from labour Exodus 20:9-10, = Deuteronomy 5:12-14; Exodus 23:12 (E), 34:21 (J; BrHex. 181-195).

b. Deuteronomic reason for day is deliverance from Egypt Deuteronomy 5:15, hence its consecration, לְקַדְּשׁוֺ5:12 = Exodus 20:8; השׁ יום ׳קדּשׁJeremiah 17:22, 24, 27 (especially no load carried), Ezekiel 20:20; 44:24.

c. intensified by anith. שׁ ׳חלּלEzekiel 20:13 5t. Ezekiel; compare Nehemiah 13:18. Phrases in H: (ה)שׁ ׳שׁמרLeviticus 19:3, 10; 26:2, then P Exodus 31:13-14, 16; compare Isaiah 56:2, 4, 6; י ׳קדושׁ קָדְשִׁי, יוֺם‎: 58:13 (twice in verse) (with כבּד‎). H also שַׁבְּתֹתֵיכֶםLeviticus 26:35; הַשּׁ ׳מִמָּחֳרַת23:11, 15, 16; שַׁבְּתוֺתַי19:3, 30; 26:2; Isaiah 56:4; Ezekiel 20:12; 22:26, +8 t. Ezekiel; "" מוֺעֵדLamentations 2:6.

d. P gives as basis God's resting Exodus 20:11; 31:17; י ׳שׁבתותLeviticus 23:38; ליהוה ׳שׁ קדשׁExodus 16:23, compare Nehemiah 9:14, ׳שׁ שׁבתוןExodus 31:15; 35:2; Leviticus 23:3; השׁ ׳עשׂהExodus 31:16, שׁ ׳עֹלַת בְּשַׁבַּתּוֺNumbers 28:10, compare Isaiah 66:23; הַשּׁ ׳בְּיוֺם הַשּׁ ׳בְּיוֺםLeviticus 24:8 on every sabbath, abbreviation שַׁבָּת שַׁבַּת1 Chronicles 9:32; לַשַּׁבָּתוֺת‎ "" חֳדָשִׁים‎ + מועדים23:31 3t. Chronicles, Nehemiah 10:34 (ל‎ omitted by error); work punished by stoning Numbers 15:32, 36; trade prohibited Nehemiah 10:32; 13:15-21.

2 day of atonement is a שַׁבָּתוֺן שַׁבַּתLeviticus 16:31; 23:32 (P), compare שַׁבָּת שָׁבַת23:32 (P).

3 sabbath year, שַׁבָּתוֺן שַׁבַּתLeviticus 25:4 (H); ליהוה שַׁבָּת25:2; 25:4 (H), (הארץׅ רצה שַׁבְּתוֺתֶיהָ26:34 (twice in verse); 26:43 (H), 2 Chronicles 36:21.

4 = week(?): שַׁבָּתוֺת שֶׁבַעLeviticus 23:15 (H), seven sabbaths or weeks; (ה)שָּׁנִים שַׁבְּתתֹ שֶׁבַע25:8; Lev 28:8 (H) seven sabbaths or weeks (of years), uncertain (see Mark 16:2, 9; Luke 18:12; Matthew 28:1, compare Jewish-Aramaic usage); possibly שַׁבָּתIsaiah 66:23 = week (Du).

5 הָאָ֫רֶץ שַׁבַּתLeviticus 25:6 (H) = produce in sabbath year (growing of itself).